AI Bibliography
AI Bibliography |
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Wallace, E., Wang, Y., Li, S., Singh, S., & Gardner, M. (2019). Do nlp models know numbers? probing numeracy in embeddings. arXiv preprint arXiv:1909.07940. |
| Resource type: Journal Article BibTeX citation key: Wallace2019 View all bibliographic details  |
Categories: Artificial Intelligence, Cognitive Science, Computer Science, Decision Theory, General Subcategories: Decision making, Deep learning, Human intelligence, Synthetic intelligence Creators: Gardner, Li, Singh, Wallace, Wang Publisher: Collection: arXiv preprint arXiv:1909.07940 |
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| Abstract |
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The ability to understand and work with numbers (numeracy) is critical for many complex reasoning tasks. Currently, most NLP models treat numbers in text in the same way as other tokens---they embed them as distributed vectors. Is this enough to capture numeracy? We begin by investigating the numerical reasoning capabilities of a state-of-the-art question answering model on the DROP dataset. We find this model excels on questions that require numerical reasoning, i.e., it already captures numeracy. To understand how this capability emerges, we probe token embedding methods (e.g., BERT, GloVe) on synthetic list maximum, number decoding, and addition tasks. A surprising degree of numeracy is naturally present in standard embeddings. For example, GloVe and word2vec accurately encode magnitude for numbers up to 1,000. Furthermore, character-level embeddings are even more precise---ELMo captures numeracy the best for all pre-trained methods---but BERT, which uses sub-word units, is less exact.
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