AI Bibliography

Xi Jinping has called upon the Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) to become a world-class 1

military (世界一流军队) by mid-century. Chinese military modernization has been directed towards learning from and targeting the U.S. military, which is seen as a powerful adversary (强敌).

Since the 1990s, the PLA has concentrated on developing asymmetric capabilities aimed at exploiting potential American vulnerabilities and undermining current American advantages. The PLA aspires not only to equal but also to surpass the U.S. military by seizing the initiative in the course of the ongoing Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA) that is being catalyzed by today’s

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advances in emerging technologies. Chinese military strategists anticipate a transformation in the

form and character of conflict, which is seen as evolving from today’s “informatized” (信息化) 3

warfare to future “intelligentized” (智能化) warfare. The PLA may even offset U.S. military power if successful in advancing innovation and leapfrogging ahead in the course of this transformation. The advent of AI on the future battlefield might disrupt the balance of power in ways that risk jeopardizing strategic stability and undermining deterrence in the U.S.-China relationship. At the same time, the PLA continues to confront critical challenges to operationalizing artificial intelligence (AI) across a range of applications, from issues of talent to the management of data and adaptation as an organization. Looking forward, as this rivalry intensifies, the United States must recognize the imperative of investing in our own innovation and sustaining our core competitive advantages.